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Compare Tonga (2004) - Baker Island (2004)

Compare Tonga (2004) z Baker Island (2004)

 Tonga (2004)Baker Island (2004)
 TongaBaker Island
Administrative divisions 3 island groups; Ha'apai, Tongatapu, Vava'u -
Age structure 0-14 years: 37.1% (male 20,873; female 20,050)


15-64 years: 58.7% (male 32,018; female 32,707)


65 years and over: 4.2% (male 2,005; female 2,584) (2004 est.)		 -
Agriculture - products squash, coconuts, copra, bananas, vanilla beans, cocoa, coffee, ginger, black pepper; fish -
Airports 6 (2003 est.) 1 abandoned World War II runway of 1,665 m, completely covered with vegetation and unusable (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 1


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)		 -
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 5


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 3


under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)		 -
Area total: 748 sq km


land: 718 sq km


water: 30 sq km		 total: 1.4 sq km


land: 1.4 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative four times the size of Washington, DC about 2.5 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Background The archipelago of "The Friendly Islands" was united into a Polynesian kingdom in 1845. It became a constitutional monarchy in 1875 and a British protectorate in 1900. Tonga acquired its independence in 1970 and became a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. It remains the only monarchy in the Pacific. The US took possession of the island in 1857, and its guano deposits were mined by US and British companies during the second half of the 19th century. In 1935, a short-lived attempt at colonization was begun on this island - as well as on nearby Howland Island - but was disrupted by World War II and thereafter abandoned. Presently the island is a National Wildlife Refuge run by the US Department of the Interior; a day beacon is situated near the middle of the west coast.
Birth rate 24.87 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) -
Budget revenues: $39.9 million


expenditures: $52.4 million, including capital expenditures of $1.9 million (FY99/00 est.)		 -
Capital Nuku'alofa -
Climate tropical; modified by trade winds; warm season (December to May), cool season (May to December) equatorial; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun
Coastline 419 km 4.8 km
Constitution 4 November 1875, revised 1 January 1967 -
Country name conventional long form: Kingdom of Tonga


conventional short form: Tonga


former: Friendly Islands		 conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Baker Island
Currency pa'anga (TOP) -
Death rate 5.45 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) -
Debt - external $63.4 million (2001) -
Dependency status - unincorporated territory of the US; administered from Washington, DC, by the Fish and Wildlife Service of the US Department of the Interior as part of the National Wildlife Refuge system
Diplomatic representation from the US the US does not have an embassy in Tonga; the ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Tonga -
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Sonatane T. T. TUPOU


chancery: 250 East 51st Street, New York, NY 10022


telephone: [1] (917) 369-1025


FAX: [1] (917) 369-1024


consulate(s) general: San Francisco		 -
Disputes - international none none
Economic aid - recipient Australia $5.5 million, New Zealand $2.3 million (FY01/02) -
Economy - overview Tonga, a small, open, South Pacific island economy, has a narrow export base in agricultural goods. Squash, coconuts, bananas, and vanilla beans are the main crops, and agricultural exports make up two-thirds of total exports. The country must import a high proportion of its food, mainly from New Zealand. Tourism is the second-largest source of hard currency earnings following remittances. The country remains dependent on external aid and remittances from Tongan communities overseas to offset its trade deficit. The government is emphasizing the development of the private sector, especially the encouragement of investment, and is committing increased funds for health and education. Tonga has a reasonably sound basic infrastructure and well-developed social services. High unemployment among the young and the continuing upturn in inflation are major issues facing the government. no economic activity
Electricity - consumption 25.36 million kWh (2001) -
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2001) -
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2001) -
Electricity - production 27.27 million kWh (2001) -
Elevation extremes lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location on Kao Island 1,033 m		 lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location 8 m
Environment - current issues deforestation results as more and more land is being cleared for agriculture and settlement; some damage to coral reefs from starfish and indiscriminate coral and shell collectors; overhunting threatens native sea turtle populations no natural fresh water resources
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements		 -
Ethnic groups Polynesian, Europeans about 300 -
Exchange rates pa'anga per US dollar - NA (2003), 2.1952 (2002), 2.1236 (2001), 1.7585 (2000), 1.5991 (1999) -
Executive branch chief of state: King Taufa'ahau TUPOU IV (since 16 December 1965)


head of government: Prime Minister Prince Lavaka ata ULUKALALA (since NA February 2000) and Deputy Prime Minister James C. COCKER (since NA January 2001)


cabinet: Cabinet, appointed by the monarch, consists of 12 members


note: there is also a Privy Council that consists of the monarch, the Cabinet, and two governors


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed for life by the monarch		 -
Exports NA (2001) -
Exports - commodities squash, fish, vanilla beans, root crops -
Exports - partners US 50%, Japan 35.7%, Italy 3.6% (2003) -
Fiscal year 1 July - 30 June -
Flag description red with a bold red cross on a white rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner the flag of the US is used
GDP purchasing power parity - $236 million (2001 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 26%


industry: 12%


services: 62% (2002 est.)		 -
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $2,200 (2001 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 3% (2001 est.) -
Geographic coordinates 20 00 S, 175 00 W 0 13 N, 176 31 W
Geography - note archipelago of 169 islands (36 inhabited) treeless, sparse, and scattered vegetation consisting of grasses, prostrate vines, and low growing shrubs; primarily a nesting, roosting, and foraging habitat for seabirds, shorebirds, and marine wildlife
Highways total: 680 km


paved: 184 km


unpaved: 496 km (1999 est.)		 -
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA		 -
Imports NA (2001) -
Imports - commodities foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, chemicals -
Imports - partners New Zealand 43.4%, Fiji 22.2%, Australia 11.1%, US 6.1% (2003) -
Independence 4 June 1970 (from UK protectorate) -
Industrial production growth rate 8.6% (FY98/99) -
Industries tourism, fishing -
Infant mortality rate total: 12.99 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 14.36 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 11.54 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)		 -
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 10.3% (2002 est.) -
International organization participation ACP, AsDB, C, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO (observer) -
Irrigated land NA sq km 0 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch); Court of Appeal (consists of the Privy Council with the addition of the chief justice of the Supreme Court) -
Labor force 33,910 (1996) -
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 65% (1997 est.) -
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land: 23.61%


permanent crops: 43.06%


other: 33.33% (2001)		 arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (2001)
Languages Tongan, English -
Legal system based on English law the laws of the US, where applicable, apply
Legislative branch unicameral Legislative Assembly or Fale Alea (30 seats - 12 reserved for cabinet ministers sitting ex officio, nine for nobles selected by the country's 33 nobles, and nine elected by popular vote; members serve three-year terms)


elections: last held 7 March 2002 (next to be held NA 2005)


election results: percent of vote - HRDMT 70%; seats - HRDMT 7, traditionalist 2		 -
Life expectancy at birth total population: 69.2 years


male: 66.74 years


female: 71.79 years (2004 est.)		 -
Literacy definition: can read and write Tongan and/or English


total population: 98.5%


male: 98.4%


female: 98.7% (1996 est.)		 -
Location Oceania, archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand Oceania, atoll in the North Pacific Ocean, about half way between Hawaii and Australia
Map references Oceania Oceania
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm


continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation		 territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine total: 40 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 136,977 GRT/200,751 DWT


by type: bulk 3, cargo 21, chemical tanker 2, container 1, liquefied gas 4, petroleum tanker 5, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 1, specialized tanker 1, vehicle carrier 1


foreign-owned: Albania 1, Australia 4, Brazil 1, Cyprus 1, Egypt 1, Greece 1, Lebanon 1, Liberia 1, Marshall Islands 1, Norway 1, Panama 2, Romania 1, Russia 1, Saudi Arabia 1, Switzerland 3, Syria 1, United (2004 est.)		 -
Military - note - defense is the responsibility of the US; visited annually by the US Coast Guard
Military branches Tonga Defense Services: Ground Forces (Royal Marines, Royal Guard), Maritime Force (including Air Wing) -
Military expenditures - dollar figure NA -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP NA -
National holiday Independence Day, 4 June (1970) -
Nationality noun: Tongan(s)


adjective: Tongan		 -
Natural hazards cyclones (October to April); earthquakes and volcanic activity on Fonuafo'ou the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard
Natural resources fish, fertile soil guano (deposits worked until 1891), terrestrial and aquatic wildlife
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) -
Political parties and leaders there are no political parties -
Political pressure groups and leaders Human Rights and Democracy Movement Tonga or HRDMT [Rev. Simote VEA, chair] -
Population 110,237 (July 2004 est.) uninhabited


note: American civilians evacuated in 1942 after Japanese air and naval attacks during World War II; occupied by US military during World War II, but abandoned after the war; public entry is by special-use permit from US Fish and Wildlife Service only and generally restricted to scientists and educators; a cemetery and remnants of structures from early settlement are located near the middle of the west coast; visited annually by US Fish and Wildlife Service (2004 est.)
Population below poverty line NA -
Population growth rate 1.94% (2004 est.) -
Ports and harbors Neiafu, Nuku'alofa, Pangai none; offshore anchorage only; note - there is one small boat landing area along the middle of the west coast
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 1 (2001) -
Religions Christian (Free Wesleyan Church claims over 30,000 adherents) -
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female


total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2004 est.)		 -
Suffrage 21 years of age; universal -
Telephone system general assessment: NA


domestic: NA


international: country code - 676; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (1996)		 -
Telephones - main lines in use 11,200 (2002) -
Telephones - mobile cellular 3,400 (2002) -
Television broadcast stations 2 (2001) -
Terrain most islands have limestone base formed from uplifted coral formation; others have limestone overlying volcanic base low, nearly level coral island surrounded by a narrow fringing reef
Total fertility rate 3 children born/woman (2004 est.) -
Transportation - note - there is a day beacon near the middle of the west coast
Unemployment rate 13.3% (1996 est.) -
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